Buah Pinggang Gagal berfungsi ~ Kidney Failure

Kidney Failure Take the Kidney Disease Quiz Medical Author: Benjamin C. Wedro, MD, FAAEM Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD What are the kidneys? What causes kidney failure? What are the symptoms of kidney failure? How is kidney failure diagnosed? What is the treatment for kidney failure? Diet Medications Dialysis Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Kidney transplantation What is the prognosis for someone with kidney failure? Kidney Failure At A Glance Patient Discussions: Kidney Failure - Treatments Patient Discussions: Kidney Failure - Symptoms at Onset of Disease Find a local Nephrologist in your town Kidney Failure Acute Kidney Failure Symptoms The following symptoms may occur with acute kidney failure. Some people have no symptoms, at least in the early stages. The symptoms may be very subtle. Decreased urine production Body swelling Problems concentrating Confusion Fatigue Lethargy Nausea, vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Metallic taste in the mouth Seizures and coma may occur in very severe acute kidney failure What are the kidneys? The kidneys play key roles in body function, not only by filtering the blood and getting rid of waste products, but also by balancing levels of electrolyte levels in the body, controlling blood pressure, and stimulating the production of red blood cells. The kidneys are located in the abdomen toward the back, normally one on each side of the spine. They get their blood supply through the renal arteries directly from the aorta and send blood back to the heart via the renal veins to the vena cava. (The term "renal" is derived from the Latin name for kidney.) The kidneys have the ability to monitor the amount of body fluid, the concentrations of electrolytes like sodium and potassium, and the acid-base balance of the body. They filter waste products of body metabolism, like urea from protein metabolism and uric acid from DNA breakdown. Two waste products in the blood can be measured: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). When blood flows to the kidney, sensors within the kidney decide how much water to excrete as urine, along with what concentration of electrolytes. For example, if a person is dehydrated from exercise or from an illness, the kidneys will hold onto as much water as possible and the urine becomes very concentrated. When adequate water is present in the body, the urine is much more dilute, and the urine becomes clear. This system is controlled by renin, a hormone produced in the kidney that is part of the fluid and blood pressure regulation systems of the body. Kidneys are also the source of erythropoietin in the body, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. Special cells in the kidney monitor the oxygen concentration in blood. If oxygen levels fall, erythropoietin levels rise and the body starts to manufacture more red blood cells. After the kidneys filter blood, the urine is excreted through the ureter, a thin tube that connects it to the bladder. It is then stored in the bladder awaiting urination, when the bladder sends the urine out of the body through the urethra. What causes kidney failure? Kidney failure can occur from an acute situation or from chronic problems. In acute renal failure, kidney function is lost rapidly and can occur from a variety of insults to the body. The list of causes is often categorized based on where the injury has occurred. Prerenal causes (pre=before + renal=kidney) causes are due to decreased blood supply to the kidney. Examples of prerenal causes of kidney failure are: hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to blood loss; dehydration from loss of body fluid (for example, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, fever); poor intake of fluids; medication, for example, diuretics ("water pills") may cause excessive water loss; and abnormal blood flow to and from the kidney due to obstruction of the renal artery or vein. Renal causes of kidney failure (damage directly to the kidney itself) include: Sepsis: The body's immune system is overwhelmed from infection and causes inflammation and shutdown of the kidneys. This usually does not occur with urinary tract infections. Medications: Some medications are toxic to the kidney, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen. Others potentially toxic medications include antibiotics like aminoglycosides [gentamicin (Garamycin), tobramycin], lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid), iodine-containing medications such as those injected for radiology dye studies. Rhabdomyolysis: This is a situation in which there is significant muscle breakdown in the body, and the damaged muscle fibers clog the filtering system of the kidneys. this can occur because of trauma, crush injuries, and burns. Some medications used to treat high cholesterol can cause rhabdomyolysis. Multiple myeloma Acute glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering system of the kidneys. Many diseases can cause this inflammation including systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Goodpasture syndrome. Post renal causes of kidney failure (post=after + renal= kidney) are due to factors that affect outflow of the urine: Obstruction of the bladder or the ureters can cause back pressure because the kidneys continue to produce urine, but the obstruction acts like a dam, and urine backs up into the kidneys. When the pressure increases high enough, the kidneys are damaged and shut down. Prostatic hypertrophy or prostate cancer may block the urethra and prevents the bladder from emptying. Tumors in the abdomen that surround and obstruct the ureters. Kidney stones. Usually, kidney stones affect only one kidney and do not cause kidney failure. However, if there is only one kidney present, a kidney stone may cause the lone kidney to fail. Chronic renal failure develops over months and years. The most common causes of chronic renal failure are related to: poorly controlled diabetes, poorly controlled high blood pressure, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Less common causes of chronic renal failure include: polycystic kidney disease, reflux nephropathy, kidney stones, and prostate disease. Next: What are the symptoms of kidney failure? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next Kidney Failure Index Glossary Find a Local Doctor Penyembuhan Alternative ~ https://lading-emas.blogspot.com/2019/06/doktor-pulihkan-masalah-buah-pinggang-n.html Patient Discussions - Viewers share their comments Kidney Failure - Treatments The MedicineNet physician editors ask: What was your treatment for kidney failure? View 7 Comments | Submit Your Comment Kidney Failure - Symptoms at Onset of Disease The MedicineNet physician editors asked: The symptoms of kidney failure can vary greatly from patient to patient. What were your symptoms at the onset of your disease? View 20 Comments | Submit comment closed Suggested Reading on Kidney Failure by Our Doctors Related Diseases & Conditions 39 articles Low Blood Pressure Low blood pressure, also referred to as hypotension, is blood pressure that is so low that it causes symptoms or signs due to the low flow of blood through More Dehydration Dehydration is the excessive loss of body water. There are a number of causes of dehydration including heat exposure, prolonged vigorous exercise, and More Gout Gout is a condition that results from crystals of uric acid depositing in tissues of the body. Gout is a condition that can lead to abnormally elevated More Anemia Anemia is the condition of having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. The oxygen-carrying More Cirrhosis (Liver) Cirrhosis of the liver refers to a disease in which normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue caused by alcohol and viral hepatitis B and C. This More Lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of body tissues caused by autoimmune disease. Lupus can cause disease More Restless Leg Syndrome Restless leg syndrome (RLS or restless legs syndrome) is a common cause for painful legs that typically eases with motion, and becomes worse and more noticeable More Hyponatremia (Low Blood Sodium) Hyponatremia is a condition where the level of sodium in the blood is low. Causes of hyponatremia can occur from excess fluid in the body, or a loss of More Hyperkalemia (High Blood Potassium) Hyperkalemia is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include nausea, fatigue, tingling sensations, or muscle weakness. More Sepsis Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a potentially deadly infection with signs and symptoms that include elevated heart rate, low or high temperature, rapid breathing More Malaria Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms of malaria include chills, pain, fever, and sweating. More Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a rapid deterioration and destruction of skeletal muscle. Some of the causes of rhabdomyolysis include severe burns, muscle trauma, coma, More Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelet Count) Thrombocytopenia refers to a decreased number of platelets in the blood. There are many causes of thrombocytopenia such as decreased platelet production More Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection is the most common type of infection acquired by patients while hospitalized. Patients at risk for VRE More Burns (First Aid) Burns are categorized by severity as first, second, or third degree. First degree burns are similar to a painful sunburn. The damage is more severe with More Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension is an abnormal elevation of the pressure in the pulmonary circulation caused by the constriction of the blood vessels that supply More Encephalopathy Encephalopathy means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. Causes of encephalopathy are varied and numerous. The main symptom of encephalopathy is an More Hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis is a condition in which the kidney swells, due to a backup of urine. Hydronephrosis generally occurs with another disease.Symptoms of hydronephrosis More Pericarditis Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart. The causes of pericarditis include injury from heart attack, heart surgery, More Pleural Effusion Pleural effusion is an excess fluid between the two membranes that envelop the lungs. There are two classifications of causes of pleural effusion; transudate More Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary edema (swelling or fluid in the lungs) can either be caused by cardiogenic causes (congestive heart failure, heart attacks, abnormal heart valves) More Coma Coma is the inability to waken or react to the surrounding environment. The Glasgow Coma Scale is frequently used to measure the depth of coma. Causes More Gynecomastia Gynecomastia, an enlargement of the gland tissue in the male breast is the caused by an imbalance of hormones. Certain medical conditions may also lead More Renal Artery Stenosis Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of the diameter of the renal arteries. When the renal arteries narrow, the result is restricted blood flow to the More Polycystic Kidney Disease Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by numerous cysts in the kidneys. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder. There are two major More Hypercalcemia (Elevated Calcium Levels) Hypercalcemia is a condition in which calcium levels in the blood are elevated. Hypercalcemia is associated with other conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, More Hypertensive Kidney Disease High blood pressure can damage the kidneys and is one of the leading causes of kidney failure (end-stage renal kidney disease). Kidney damage, like hypertension, More Compartment Syndrome Compartment syndrome is a condition in which swelling and an increase in pressure within a limited space presses and compresses blood vessels, nerves, More Diabetes Insipidus Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the patient has frequent urination. Symptoms of diabetes insipidus include irritable, listless, fever, vomiting, More See All Related Diseases & Conditions » Medications 24 articles Procedures & Tests 8 articles Pictures, Images & Illustrations 4 articles Doctor's & Expert's Views 8 articles Health News 70 articles Health Features 2 articles Privacy Policy Women's Health Find out what women really need.

<script language="JavaScript1.2" type="text/javascript" src="http://as.webmd.com/js.ng/Params.richmedia=yes&transactionID=8283554351205&tile=8283554351205&xpg=1821&artid=10419&site=2&affiliate=22&uri=subject%3Dkidney%5Ffailure&pos=121"></script> From WebMD Healthy Resources Frequent Urination: Check Your Symptoms Top Medication Questions and Answers Featured Centers Slideshow: Is There a Fungus Among Us? Lupus Coping Tips Why Do Cats Go Outside the Litter Box? Health Solutions From Our Sponsors Family Planning Options MS Rx Options Kidney Failure Disease Prevention in Men » Disease prevention in men introduction Routine screening tests are part of basic prevention medicine. All of the following screening tests are commonly available through your doctor. Take an active role in your own health care and discuss screening tests with your doctor early in life. Following is a list of diseases for which screening is recommended along with mention of the commonly used screening tests, which usually are safe and simple and can help detect many diseases before they become harmful. High blood pressure (hypertension) About one-sixth of all Americans have high blood pressure and the incidence of this disease increases with age. African-Americans are more likely than other races to have high blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause arterial disease (atherosclerosis) that can lead to heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure. Tests or procedures for high blood ... Read the Disease Prevention in Men article »

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